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Protocols:
Network protocols are standards that allow computers to
communicate. A protocol defines how computers identify one another on a
network, the form that the data should take in transit, and how this
information is processed once it reaches its final destination.
Protocols also define procedures for handling lost or damaged
transmissions or "packets." TCP/IP (for UNIX, Windows NT, Windows and
other platforms), IPX (for Novell NetWare), DECnet (for networking Digital
Equipment Corp. computers), AppleTalk (for Macintosh computers), and
NetBIOS/NetBEUI (for LAN Manager and Windows NT networks) are the main
types of network protocols in use today.
Although each network protocol is different, they all
share the same physical cabling. This common method of accessing the
physical network allows multiple protocols to peacefully coexist over the
network media, and allows the builder of a network to use common hardware
for a variety of protocols.
This concept is known as "protocol
independence," which means that devices that are compatible at the
physical and data link layers allow the user to run many different
protocols over the same medium.
TCP/IP
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – uses a set of rules to exchange messages with other Internet points at the information packet level
Internet Protocol (IP) – uses a set of rules to send and receive messages at the Internet address level
Is the predominate network protocol in use today (Other includes OSI Model) for interoperable architecture and the internet.
TCP/IP is a result of protocol research and development conducted on experimental packet switched network by ARPANET funded by the defense advanced research projects agency (DARPA). TCP/IP used as internet standards by the internet architecture board (IAB).
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