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The Network Topologies:-
A topology refers to
the manner in which the cable is run to individual workstations on the
network. The dictionary defines topology as: the configurations formed by
the connections between devices on a local area network (LAN) or between
two or more LANs.
It is important to
make a distinction between a topology and an architecture. A topology is
concerned with the physical arrangement of the network components. In
contrast, an architecture addresses the components themselves and how a
system is structured (cable access methods, lower level protocols,
topology, etc.). An example of an architecture is 10baseT Ethernet which
typically uses the start topology.
Bus
Topology:
each node is connected one right after the other along the same cable.
Information sent from a node travels along the cable until it reaches its
destination node. Each end of a bus network must be terminated with a
terminator to absorb the signal so it does not reflect back across the
bus.
Ring
Topology:
Similar to a bus network, rings have nodes one right after the other along
the same cable, but the end of the network in a ring topology comes back
around to the first node, creating a complete circuit. Each node takes a
turn sending and receiving information through the use of a token. The
token along with any data is sent from the first node to the second node
which extracts the data addressed to it and adds any data it wishes to
send. Then second node passes the token and data to the third node, etc.
until ti comes back around to the first node again. Only the node with the
token is allowed to send data . All other nodes must wait for the token to
come to them.
Star Topology:
In a star network, each node is connected to a central device called a
hub. The hub takes a signal that comes from any node and passes it along
to all the other nodes in the network. A hub does not perform any type of
filtering or routing of the data. A hub is a junction that joins all the
different nodes together.
Hybrid
Topology:
A series
of star topologies whose hubs are connected in a bus trunk like network.
(Means one or more star topology networks all whose hubs are again
interconnected by a bus network)
Mesh
Topology:
Mesh
topologies are networks in which many paths connect computers means every
node is connected to maximum number of other nodes directly (generally
found in military network only) It is much reliable but costly and
difficult to troubleshoot.
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